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	<title>Coxeter &#8211; neverendingbooks</title>
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		<title>Coxeter on Escher&#8217;s Circle Limits</title>
		<link>https://lievenlebruyn.github.io/neverendingbooks/coxeter-on-eschers-circle-limits/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[lieven]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Jan 2018 10:13:10 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[Conway]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coxeter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Escher]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.neverendingbooks.org/?p=7671</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Conway&#8217;s orbifold notation gives a uniform notation for all discrete groups of isometries of the sphere, the Euclidian plane as well as the hyperbolic plane.&#8230;]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Conway&#8217;s <a href="https://lievenlebruyn.github.io/neverendingbooks/everythings-wrappable-to-a-sphere">orbifold notation</a> gives a uniform notation for all discrete groups of isometries of the sphere, the Euclidian plane as well as the hyperbolic plane.</p>
<p>This includes the groups of symmetries of Escher&#8217;s Circle Limit drawings. Here&#8217;s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_Limit_III">Circle Limit III</a></p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://lievenlebruyn.github.io/neverendingbooks/DATA3/EscherIII.png"></p>
<p>And &#8216;Angels and Devils&#8217; aka Circle Limit IV:</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://lievenlebruyn.github.io/neverendingbooks/DATA3/EscherIV.png"></p>
<p>If one crawls along a mirror of this pattern until one hits another mirror and then turns right along this mirror and continues like this, you get a quadrilateral path with four corners $\frac{\pi}{3}$, whose center seems to be a $4$-fold gyration point. So, it appears to have symmetry $4 \ast 3$.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://lievenlebruyn.github.io/neverendingbooks/DATA2/EscherIV.png"><br />
(image credit: <a href="http://cloud.crm2.uhp-nancy.fr/pdf/Manila/Hyde_2.pdf">MathCryst</a>)</p>
<p>However, looking more closely, every fourth figure (either devil or angel) is facing away rather than towards us, so there&#8217;s no gyration point, and the group drops to $\ast 3333$.</p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Scott_MacDonald_Coxeter">Harold S. M. Coxeter</a> met Escher in Amsterdam at the ICM 1954.</p>
<p>The interaction between the two led to Escher&#8217;s construction of the Circle Limits, see <a href="http://www.ams.org/samplings/feature-column/fcarc-circle-limit">How did Escher do it?</a></p>
<p>Here&#8217;s an old lecture by Coxeter on the symmetry of the Circle Limits:</p>
<p><center><br />
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JkhuMvFQWz4" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe><br />
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